报告建议更少的肉和乳制品会引起大声的行业反应

潜水简介:

• To make sure the planet can feed an expected 10 billion population by 2050, consumption of red meat, sugar and refined grains will need to drop by more than half, and that of plant-based foods will need to more than double. That's the assessment of“人类世的食物：可持续食品系统的健康饮食饮食委员会，”published Jan. 16 in The Lancet.

• The three-year project, involving 37 experts from 16 countries, concluded food systems could nurture human health and environmental sustainability but are currently threatening both. "Unhealthy diets pose a greater risk to morbidity and mortality than does unsafe sex, and alcohol, drug, and tobacco use combined. Because much of the world's population is inadequately nourished and many environmental systems and processes are pushed beyond safe boundaries by food production, a global transformation of the food system is urgently needed," the authors wrote.

• 肉类和乳制品代表对该报告批评。在一份新闻稿中北美肉类研究所科学和监管事务总监Katierose McCullough表示，这些建议“与共识的营养科学和美国饮食指导有很大不同，”肉类和家禽提供营养，不能简单地用另一种食物代替。乳业产业爱尔兰回应that dairy is a "basic building block" of a nourishing diet, and the industry has one of the lowest carbon footprints per liter of milk produced in the European Union.

潜水见解：

This report isn't surprising since others have come to similar conclusions that humans need to eat more plants and less meat to save the planet and be healthier. The World Economic Forumrecently recommended将更多基于植物的蛋白质纳入全球饮食中，以增强人类健康和环境可持续性。然而，与饮食现实的研究不同，它表明，随着农业系统发展更多基于植物的替代品，这两种蛋白质来源可以相互补充。

可能会以更具权威性的看法，这可能会使饮食范围的报告赋予许多国家的一大批专家，将全面的社会和环境考虑因素和饮食中的分析带入了他们的分析。他们还对某些世界地区的消费模式提出了具体建议。

Consumers in North America, for example, eat 6.5 times more red meat on average than is recommended, yet consumers in Southeast Asia eat about half the recommended amount,食品导航器noted。The report also recommended a daily limit of 250 grams of dairy products — whole milk and/or cheese — while most Western countries每天至少建议三份由于钙含量。

该报告涉及政策变化，包括提高可持续食品的可用性和负担能力，以及限制那些没有的广告。食品行业的许多细分市场可能会对此感到沮丧，因为这样的做法显然会严重地对品牌营销和外展努力造成严重的压力。

可以预见的是，行业对饮食现实报告的反应是持怀疑态度的，乳制品，肉类和猪肉兴趣的代表发现它是短视和肤浅的。国家猪肉生产者委员会在一份声明中说该报告“基于可疑的科学，是不负责任的”，肉在发展中国家的饮食中通常缺乏关键的维生素和矿物质。该组织还表示，美国动物农业部门“是世界上最环保的”。

尽管other analysestake issue with the latter claim, it's an understandable response since the report is recommending people worldwide drastically scale back their consumption of meat. The drumbeat along those lines seems to be growing louder. A study去年五月发表在《科学杂志》上concluded animal agriculture is responsible for many global environmental problems, and avoiding consumption of animal products would help the environment more than buying sustainable meat and dairy products.

牛津大学教授约瑟夫·鲍尔（Joseph Poore）主持了这项研究，“素食饮食可能是减少对地球的影响，不仅是温室气体，而且全球酸化，富营养化，土地利用和用水的最大方法。”told The Guardian。

美国食品行业的主要参与者paying attention to this research, and some meat producers are pivoting toward more plant-based food and beverage manufacturing to respond to consumers' increasing concern about the environment. Tyson Foods paved the way in 2016 by投资肉类以外的植物蛋白食品制造商，去年took a minority stake在细胞培养的肉类公司孟菲斯肉类中。

On the policy stage, nutrition educators in the U.S. are推动包括环境可持续性问题in the 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans because they say current diets and agricultural practices contribute to environmental trends. Taken together, these developments show the trend toward aligning diets with agricultural policies and practices is growing and will continue to impact the food industry in the years ahead.