BERKELEY, Calif. — Legendary oceanographer Sylvia Earle knows it's relatively easy to find the price of a dead fish.
但是,她在美食Instit告诉观众ute Conference on Thursday evening that it's harder to find the price of a live fish.
"我们认为鱼是免费的。免费的商品供我们提取，”厄尔在一次会议上说。“我们没有考虑我们从系统中取出的东西”
厄尔, who is a National Geographic Society explorer in residence and a former chief scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, said fishing makes a huge difference in the oceans and the rest of the ecosystem. She advocated for less commercial fishing and more work on determining plant-based or possibly lab-grown substitutes for seafood.
厄尔说，虽然预测到2048年将在海洋中没有鱼，而且太可怕了，但厄尔说，世界正在走这条路。今天众所周知的钓鱼将在本世纪末结束，因为供应将不存在。
她说，海洋中的动物应被认为是美味的海鲜。
"We should be looking at fish as something that makes the ocean functional, that makes our lives possible," she said.
And while fish have been a necessary part of coastal people's diets for generations, they are not needed in the places and at the scale that the commercial fishing industry currently serves. People in a place like Chicago, for example, do not need to subsist on tuna. For those who have not relied on seafood for generations, eating seafood is a choice.
Looking simply at input and output, Earle said it does not make sense for people to eat seafood. Animals in the sea eat their way up through the food chain in order to grow. This could mean a fish eats thousands of pounds of plankton to get big enough to be eaten by humans. Fish like tuna generally don't become human food until they're a significant size, about 10 years old. And so, she said, those thousands of pounds of plankton eaten during the fish's life are all inputs to make one 10-year-old fish. If that fish were not caught to become human food, she said, it could most likely stay in the ocean's population, living to about 30.
"If you consider the cost of the food chain, it's really a pretty expensive choice," Earle said.
那么，如何改变世界对海鲜的味道呢？厄尔说，基于植物或实验室成长的替代品可能会有所帮助。她说，营销可能有助于将消费者的注意力转移到新产品上。毕竟，她记得没有人何时想购买蓝鳍金枪鱼，因为它的销售不佳。看上去不开胃的生牡蛎被认为是美味佳肴。
厄尔told the developers, manufacturers, funders and industry members in the audience that it's their job to create tasty and sustainable food products to transition consumers away from eating fish. If consumers know why they need to stop eating seafood and have a tasty alternative, it could really make a difference.
她说：“这种新的观察我们消耗的东西是如此21世纪。”“这是我们真正需要的粮食安全。”
